tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92160452396187141202024-03-21T16:43:29.605-07:00Beautiful Sri Lankaui.srilankahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15345107093348800258noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9216045239618714120.post-60094254814927930172010-10-26T03:02:00.000-07:002010-10-28T01:35:38.346-07:00The Temple of Tooth Relic - Kandy<h1 style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><h1 style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></h1></span></h1><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm4Gbl79OAiqknKH5u6gieEzNwsMbCAvvEyS094s5qxVm2H3hA7vQlV4olVTTi0le93mM0CxjXDNkNLq-4W6NOCzIWdHyeEqKgGwU8vG-_8-fdw1skWbsebHi4F_wwgMC_mut30r_2BvsP/s1600/maligawa01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: right; height: 235px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 276px;"><img border="0" height="240" nx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm4Gbl79OAiqknKH5u6gieEzNwsMbCAvvEyS094s5qxVm2H3hA7vQlV4olVTTi0le93mM0CxjXDNkNLq-4W6NOCzIWdHyeEqKgGwU8vG-_8-fdw1skWbsebHi4F_wwgMC_mut30r_2BvsP/s320/maligawa01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjVZW52RwgqnYWawu-nh7riRZRpxAne9WlKZqiNndRbtJvX2CiO-z8jhrgocrI7hEXfnHc60sDiHh0UEUlJ2t2cnR9rbX0smBrshzyQXPJOeq2nS6J34F65DPgxXKrv4pebH7vZIkEHnpD/s1600/IMG_4005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: left; height: 245px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 319px;"><img border="0" height="213" nx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjVZW52RwgqnYWawu-nh7riRZRpxAne9WlKZqiNndRbtJvX2CiO-z8jhrgocrI7hEXfnHc60sDiHh0UEUlJ2t2cnR9rbX0smBrshzyQXPJOeq2nS6J34F65DPgxXKrv4pebH7vZIkEHnpD/s320/IMG_4005.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><h1 style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span> </h1><h1 style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sacred Tooth Relic and the Esala Perahera </span></h1><h4 style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">by Walter Wijenayake</span></h4><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><br />
</div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></div><div class="Story"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The most spectacular Buddhist festival of the year, the historic Kandy Esala Perahera of the Sri Dalada Maligawa commenced on 27th July 2009, with the <i>Kumbal Perahera</i> and comes to a conclusion on the August 5th with the final <i>Randoli Perahera</i>. The day Perahera will be on the 6th with the water cutting ceremony <i>(Diya Kepeeme Mangalya</i>) at the Gatembe ferry.</span></div></div></div><div class="Story"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This year, the route of the Kumbal Perahera was extended. It started from the Maligawa Square and proceeded along Dalada Veediya. D. S. Senanayake Veediya (Trincomalee street), Pansala Para, Deva Veediya, Srimath Bennet Soysa Veediya, Kotugodella Veediya, Raja Veediya and back to Maligawa Square.</span></div></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">With the planting of the <i>Kap, </i>the inner Perahera commenced on the 22nd by parading within the Sri Dalada Maligawa Complex and continued till 26th before it took to the streets with the <i>Kumbal Perahera.</i></span><br />
<div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The perahera festival - an event of great historical and cultural significance - takes place annually in the charming hill capital of the country in the month of July/August. This event, known the world over as the <i>Kandy Esala perahera,</i> is not only a religious ritual but also a folk festival which provides an occasion for local artistes and multi-racial populace to exhibit their reverence and devotion to the Buddha and Gods and Goddesses such as<i> Natha, Vishnu, Kataragama and Pattini </i>who with their divine blessings protect this country.</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Sacred Tooth Relic of the Buddha was brought to this island in the reign of King Kirthi Sri Meghavanna (303-331), as an invaluable gift of the King of Kalinga (Orissa in India). Since the day it was brought here, it has been the custom of the devotees to celebrate this great event with the highest esteem and reverence.</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">However, the Sacred Tooth Relic was never enshrined in a <i>Dagaba</i>, unlike other relics, but always remained a movable revered object devoutly venerated by the Buddhists all over the world. Whatever it is, it had to be buried in the earth once at Kotmale to save it from the enemies.</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The King enshrined the Sacred Tooth Relic in a pure crystal bowl and placed it at <i>Abhayagiriya Viharaya</i> in Anuradhapura, the Kingdom of King Kirthi Sri Moghawanna, embellished with costal jewels for public worship. It is recorded in the history that the <i>Dalada Perahera</i> came into being during this King in his kingdom. Furthermore, the <i>Abhayagiri Viharaya </i>undertook to conduct annually the </span><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Perahera.</span></i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> were the three main places of worship when King Kirthi Sri Megavanna was reigning Anuradhapura. The three places were known as <i>thun nikaya (three nikayas).</i></span><br />
<div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fa Hien, the Chinese traveller who visited Anuradhapura, in his writings has described the ceremony of the Sacred Tooth Relic which was conducted with great splendour.</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">When <i>Cholians</i> conquered Anuradhapura in 1017 the devout Buddhist Bhikkus had to shift the Sacred Tooth Relic to Rahula for safety. Again it was brought to Polonnaruwa. However, the Sacred Tooth Relic was shifted to so many places like Beligala, Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Kurunegala, Kotte, Kuruwitha, Kothmale, and after seventeen centuries to Senkadagala - Kandy.</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">When once the loaders of the Uva Rebellion were captured in 1818, Rev. Wariyapola Sumangala Thera hid the Sacred Dhantha Dhatuwa in a bubble of robes, but the Britishs soldiers captured him and the Sacred Tooth Relic fell into the hands of the British for the second time and their rule was firmly established.</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Sacred Tooth Relic is now under the three custodians - two Maha Nayake Theras of Asgiri and Malwathu socets of Siam Maha Nikaya and Diyawadana Nilame of the Kandy Dalada Maligawa safely secured under the Sri Lankan government.</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Whatever the reasons attributed to the origin of the <i>Kandy Esala Perahera</i> are, the general belief is that the pageant in Kandy commenced during the reign of Kirthi Sri Rajasinghe (1747 - 1781). This belief has probably come about because it was during the reign of Kirthi Sri Rajasinghe that the <i>Perahera</i>, as it exists today took form, with the amalgamation of the four <i>Devale Peraheras</i> with the Dalada Perahera. There is sufficient evidence, both historical and literary, to effect that the annual celebrations in connection with the Sacred Tooth Relic originated since its arrival.</span></div><i></i><span style="font-size: x-small;">describes that this annual festival has been performed every year in the middle of the third month, and the Sacred Tooth Relic was taken in procession from the shrine in the centre of the city to the <i>Abhayagiri monastery</i>. It was kept there for three months and the exposition of the Tooth Relic held, after which the Relic was brought back to the city. The doors of the Relic house were kept open for the devotees to pay their reverence to the Relic on every Uposatha (Poya) day. Fa-Hsien further observes that as a result of the regular performance of these rites in honour of the Sacred Tooth Relic, the Kingdom suffered neither from famine, calamity nor revolution.</span> <br />
<div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fa-Hien</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Formerly the King himself in person used to ride on horseback with all his train before him in this solemnity, but now he delights not in these shows.</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Three very interesting points emerge from Robert Knox’s observations:</span></div><ol><li><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">In earlier times the King himself participated in the procession. </span></div></li>
<li><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Natha Devala Perahera which is seen today as an integral part of the procession was absent earlier. </span></div></li>
<li><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Instead of the present Vishnu Devala Perahera, there was the Aluthnuwara Devala Perahera which is no longer held.</span></div></li>
</ol><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The next account of the Perahera belongs to the era of King Sri Wickrema Rajasinghe. It was during his reign that the Dalada Perahera amalgamated with the four Devala Peraheras, thereby making the whole pageant more Buddhistic.</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">As per the contents in the book ‘The Kandy Esala Perahera’ authored by Anuradha Seneviratne:</span></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">John Davy who spent four years in Sri Lanka from 1816 - 1820 has given in this work an Account of the interior of Ceylon (1969: 128-130) a graphic description of the Perahera. Davy’s description though lengthy is very fascinating. His account reveals the following features:</span></div><div class="Story"><ol><li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The High officials who performed administrative functions in the temples and the government participated in the procession. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Perahera was held twice a day, in the afternoon and night. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Natha Devala Perahera was incorporated into the Kandy Esala Pageant. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Vishnu Devale Perahera took the place of the Aluthnuwara Devala Perahera. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Dalada Perahera for the first time was associated with the Devale Perahera, thereby giving the whole pageant a Buddhist complexion. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The ruling king participated personally in the grand procession. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">On the final night of this pageant the relic casket of the Buddha was taken in procession to Asgiri Vharaya where it was deposited until the conclusion of the Perahera. Records reveal that this is done to honour the mother of Kirthi Sri Rajasinghe who was cremated there.</span></li>
</ol></div><span style="font-size: x-small;">In respect of the reliability, the account of the perahera held on the August 19, 1817 given to the British Governor of Ceylon by Millawa Disawe (chieftain) of Vellassa region and appearing in the Government Gazette of the September 13, 1817 is more authentic. This account begins with reference to the preliminary ritualistic practice-erection of sacred poles (Kap) - and is followed by a description of the whole procession.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The Buddhist priests of the Maligawa bring to the gate of their temple the dhatukaranduwa and place it in the ranhilige on the back of an elephant, who remains at the gate. In the meantime the procession moves from the gate of the Maligawa, where the Relic of the Buddha is waiting.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The procession is as follows:</span><br />
<ol><li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The King’s elephants with gajanayake. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gingals with Kodituwakku Lekam. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The people of the Four Korales, Disavane, carrying gingals, muskets and flags with the disava and petty chiefs of that Disavane. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The people of the Seven Korales. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">These of Uva. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Of Matale. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Of Sabaragamuwa. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Of Valapane. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Of Udapalatha. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The bamboos or images representing devils covered with cloths. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The elephant of the Maligawa bearing the shrine followed by other elephants and the people of the Maligawa who precede the Diyavadana Nilame and Nanayakkara Lekam With umbrellas, talipat, flags, fans, shields, tom-toms, drums, flutes, etc. accompanied by dancers. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The elephant of the Natha Devale bearing the bow and arrow of the God, attended by the women of the temple, and followed by the Basnayake Nilame with the same pomp of attendants as the former. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The elephants, bow and arrows, and people of the maha Vishnu Devala. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Of the Katharagama Devala. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Of the Pattini Devala. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">the people of the Maha Lekam Departments carrying muskets and flags and proceeding their chiefs. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The people of the Atapattu department, similarly equipped, followed by the Atapattu Lekam, and the Ratemahatmayas of Udunuwara, yatinuwara, Tumpane, Harispattu, Dumbara, Hewaheta. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The people of Vedikkara Department, followed by their Lekam. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The people of the Vadanatuvakku department with their Lekam. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The people of the Padikara department and their Lekam.</span></li>
</ol><span style="font-size: x-small;">The procession was very grand.</span><br />
<ol><li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Maha Lekam Mahatmaya with the Lekam mitiya and writing style. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gajanayake Nilame with the Hastiya (elephant) Maha Kodiya (flag). </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Kodituwakku Nilame with the Kodituvakku (gun flag) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ketara Korale Disave with the Ira-sanda (sun and moon) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sat Korale Disave with the Sinha (lion) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Uva Disave with the Hansaya (sacred goose) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Matale Disave with the Sudu (White) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sabaragamuwa Disave with the Pataredi (Yellow Silk) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Tun Korale disave with the Bheru (Double headed eagle) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Valapane Disave with the Mayura (Peacock) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Uda Palata Disave with the Nelum Mal (Lotus flower) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nuwara Kalaviya Disave with the Gajasinghe (elephant trunk lion) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Vellasse Disave with the Kotiya (Leopard) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bintenne Disave with the Girava (Parrot) Maha Kodya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Tamankaduwe Disave with the Valaha (Bear) Maha Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Elephant of the Maligawa, bearing the shrine and Tooth Relic attended by other elephants and the people of the Maligawa. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Elephant and people of the four devales: Natha, Vishnu, Kataragama and Pattini. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ratemahatemayas and their flags. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Maha Lekam Department - Atkanda Lihiniya Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nanayakkara Lekam - Nil pata (blue silk) Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Atapattu Lakam. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Vedikkara Lekam - Ratu pata (Red silk) Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Vadana Ruvakkukara Lekam - Sudu pata (White silk) Kodiya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Panidakara Lekam - Ratu pata (Red silk) Kodiya. The two Adigars brought up the rear.</span></li>
</ol></div><div class="Story"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Maha Viharaya, Abhayagiri Viharaya and Jethavanarama Maha Viharaya</span></div></div>ui.srilankahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15345107093348800258noreply@blogger.com2